८.१अर्जुन उवाच arjuna uvācaकिं तद्ब्रह्म किमध्यात्मं किं कर्म पुरुषोत्तम।अधिभूतं च किं प्रोक्तमधिदैवं किमुच्यते॥
kiṁ tadbrahma kimadhyātmaṁ kiṁ karma puruṣottama |adhibhūtaṁ ca kiṁ proktamadhidaivaṁ kimucyate ||
Arjuna said: What is that Eternal, what Self -knowledge, what Action, O Purushottama? And what is declared to be the knowledge of the Elements, what is called the knowledge of the Shining Ones?
८.२अधियज्ञः कथं कोऽत्र देहेऽस्मिन्मधुसूदन।प्रयाणकाले च कथं ज्ञेयोऽसि नियतात्मभिः॥
adhiyajñaḥ kathaṁ ko'tra dehe'sminmadhusūdana |prayāṇakāle ca kathaṁ jñeyo'si niyatātmabhiḥ ||
What is the knowledge of Sacrifice in this body, and how, O, Madhusûdana? And how, at the time of forthgoing art Thou known by the Self -controlled?
८.३श्रीभगवानुवाच śrībhagavānuvācaअक्षरं ब्रह्म परमं स्वभावोऽध्यात्ममुच्यते।भूतभावोद्भवकरो विसर्गः कर्मसंज्ञितः॥
akṣaraṁ brahma paramaṁ svabhāvo'dhyātmamucyate |bhūtabhāvodbhavakaro visargaḥ karmasaṁjñitaḥ ||
The Blessed Lord said: The indestructible, the supreme is the Eternal; His essential nature is called Self -knowledge; the emanation that causes the birth of beings is named Action;
८.४अधिभूतं क्षरो भावः पुरुषश्चाधिदैवतम्।अधियज्ञोऽहमेवात्र देहे देहभृतां वर॥
adhibhūtaṁ kṣaro bhāvaḥ puruṣaścādhidaivatam |adhiyajño'hamevātra dehe dehabhṛtāṁ vara ||
Knowledge of the Elements concerns My perishable nature, and knowledge of the Shining Ones concerns the life-giving energy; the knowledge of Sacrifice tells of Me, as wearing the body, O best of living beings.
८.५अन्तकाले च मामेव स्मरन्मुक्त्वा कलेवरम्।यः प्रयाति स मद्भावं याति नास्त्यत्र संशयः॥
antakāle ca māmeva smaranmuktvā kalevaram |yaḥ prayāti sa madbhāvaṁ yāti nāstyatra saṁśayaḥ ||
And he who, casting off the body, goeth forth thinking upon Me only at the time of the end, he entereth into My being: there is no doubt of that.
८.६यं यं वापि स्मरन्भावं त्यजत्यन्ते कलेवरम्।तं तमेवैति कौन्तेय सदा तद्भावभावितः॥
yaṁ yaṁ vāpi smaranbhāvaṁ tyajatyante kalevaram |taṁ tamevaiti kaunteya sadā tadbhāvabhāvitaḥ ||
Whosoever at the end abandoneth the body, thinking upon any being, to that being only he goeth, O Kaunteya, ever to that conformed in nature.
८.७तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु मामनुस्मर युध्य च।मय्यर्पितमनोबुद्धिर्मामेवैष्यस्यसंशयम्॥
tasmātsarveṣu kāleṣu māmanusmara yudhya ca |mayyarpitamanobuddhirmāmevaiṣyasyasaṁśayam ||
Therefore at all times think upon Me only and fight. With mind and Reason set on Me, without doubt thou shalt come to Me.
८.८अभ्यासयोगयुक्तेन चेतसा नान्यगामिना।परमं पुरुषं दिव्यं याति पार्थानुचिन्तयन्॥
abhyāsayogayuktena cetasā nānyagāminā |paramaṁ puruṣaṁ divyaṁ yāti pārthānucintayan ||
With the mind not wandering after aught else, harmonised by continual practice, constantly meditating, O Pârtha, one goeth to the Spirit supreme, divine.
८.९कविं पुराणमनुशासितार मणोरणीयांसमनुस्मरेद्यः।सर्वस्य धातारमचिन्त्यरूप मादित्यवर्णं तमसः परस्तात्॥
kaviṁ purāṇamanuśāsitāra maṇoraṇīyāṁsamanusmaredyaḥ |sarvasya dhātāramacintyarūpa mādityavarṇaṁ tamasaḥ parastāt ||
He who thinketh upon the Ancient, the Omniscient, the All-Ruler, minuter than the minute, the supporter of all, of form unimaginable, refulgent as the sun beyond the darkness,
८.१०प्रयाणकाले मनसाऽचलेन भक्त्या युक्तो योगबलेन चैव।भ्रुवोर्मध्ये प्राणमावेश्य सम्यक् स तं परं पुरुषमुपैति दिव्यम्॥
prayāṇakāle manasā'calena bhaktyā yukto yogabalena caiva |bhruvormadhye prāṇamāveśya samyak sa taṁ paraṁ puruṣamupaiti divyam ||
In the time of forthgoing, with unshaken mind, fixed in devotion, by the power of yoga drawing together his life-breath in the centre of the two eyebrows, he goeth to this Spirit, supreme, divine.
८.११यदक्षरं वेदविदो वदन्ति विशन्ति यद्यतयो वीतरागाः।यदिच्छन्तो ब्रह्मचर्यं चरन्ति तत्ते पदं संग्रहेण प्रवक्ष्ये॥
yadakṣaraṁ vedavido vadanti viśanti yadyatayo vītarāgāḥ |yadicchanto brahmacaryaṁ caranti tatte padaṁ saṁgraheṇa pravakṣye ||
That which is declared indestructible by the Veda-knowers, that which the controlled and passion-free enter, that desiring which Brahmacharya is performed, that path I will declare to thee with brevity.
८.१२सर्वद्वाराणि संयम्य मनो हृदि निरुध्य च।मूर्ध्न्याधायात्मनः प्राणमास्थितो योगधारणाम्॥
sarvadvārāṇi saṁyamya mano hṛdi nirudhya ca |mūrdhnyādhāyātmanaḥ prāṇamāsthito yogadhāraṇām ||
All the gates closed, the mind confined in the heart, the life-breath fixed in his own head, concentrated by yoga,
८.१३ओमित्येकाक्षरं ब्रह्म व्याहरन्मामनुस्मरन्।यः प्रयाति त्यजन्देहं स याति परमां गतिम्॥
omityekākṣaraṁ brahma vyāharanmāmanusmaran |yaḥ prayāti tyajandehaṁ sa yāti paramāṁ gatim ||
"Aum!" the one syllabled Eternal, reciting, thinking upon Me, he who goeth forth, abandoning the body, he goeth on the highest path.
८.१४अनन्यचेताः सततं यो मां स्मरति नित्यशः।तस्याहं सुलभः पार्थ नित्ययुक्तस्य योगिनः॥
ananyacetāḥ satataṁ yo māṁ smarati nityaśaḥ |tasyāhaṁ sulabhaḥ pārtha nityayuktasya yoginaḥ ||
He who constantly thinketh upon Me, not thinking ever of another, of him I am easily reached, O Pârtha, of this ever-harmonised Yogî.
८.१५मामुपेत्य पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयमशाश्वतम्।नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः संसिद्धिं परमां गताः॥
māmupetya punarjanma duḥkhālayamaśāśvatam |nāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṁsiddhiṁ paramāṁ gatāḥ ||
Having come to Me, these Mahâtmâs come not again to birth, the place of pain, non-eternal; they have gone to the highest bliss.
८.१६आब्रह्मभुवनाल्लोकाः पुनरावर्तिनोऽर्जुन।मामुपेत्य तु कौन्तेय पुनर्जन्म न विद्यते॥
ābrahmabhuvanāllokāḥ punarāvartino'rjuna |māmupetya tu kaunteya punarjanma na vidyate ||
The worlds, beginning with the world of Brahmâ, they come and go, O Arjuna; but he who cometh unto Me, O Kaunteya, he knoweth birth no more.
८.१७सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः।रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः॥
sahasrayugaparyantamaharyadbrahmaṇo viduḥ |rātriṁ yugasahasrāntāṁ te'horātravido janāḥ ||
The people who know the day of Brahmâ, a thousand ages in duration, and the night a thousand ages in ending, they know day and night.
८.१८अव्यक्ताद्व्यक्तयः सर्वाः प्रभवन्त्यहरागमे।रात्र्यागमे प्रलीयन्ते तत्रैवाव्यक्तसंज्ञके॥
avyaktādvyaktayaḥ sarvāḥ prabhavantyaharāgame |rātryāgame pralīyante tatraivāvyaktasaṁjñake ||
From the unmanifested all the manifested stream forth at the coming of day; at the coming of night they dissolve, even in That called the unmanifested.
८.१९भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते।रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे॥
bhūtagrāmaḥ sa evāyaṁ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate |rātryāgame'vaśaḥ pārtha prabhavatyaharāgame ||
This multitude of beings, going forth repeatedly, is dissolved at the coming of night: by ordination, O Pârtha, it streams forth at the coming of day.
८.२०परस्तस्मात्तु भावोऽन्योऽव्यक्तोऽव्यक्तात्सनातनः।यः स सर्वेषु भूतेषु नश्यत्सु न विनश्यति॥
parastasmāttu bhāvo'nyo'vyakto'vyaktātsanātanaḥ |yaḥ sa sarveṣu bhūteṣu naśyatsu na vinaśyati ||
Therefore verily there existeth, higher than that unmanifested, another unmanifested, eternal, which in the destroying of all beings, is not destroyed.
८.२१अव्यक्तोऽक्षर इत्युक्तस्तमाहुः परमां गतिम्।यं प्राप्य न निवर्तन्ते तद्धाम परमं मम॥
avyakto'kṣara ityuktastamāhuḥ paramāṁ gatim |yaṁ prāpya na nivartante taddhāma paramaṁ mama ||
That unmanifested, "the Indestructible," It is called; It is named the highest Path. They who reach It return not. That is My supreme abode.
८.२२पुरुषः स परः पार्थ भक्त्या लभ्यस्त्वनन्यया।यस्यान्तःस्थानि भूतानि येन सर्वमिदं ततम्॥
puruṣaḥ sa paraḥ pārtha bhaktyā labhyastvananyayā |yasyāntaḥsthāni bhūtāni yena sarvamidaṁ tatam ||
He, the highest Spirit, O Pârtha, may be reached by unswerving devotion to Him alone, in whom all beings abide, by whom all This is pervaded.
८.२३यत्र काले त्वनावृत्तिमावृत्तिं चैव योगिनः।प्रयाता यान्ति तं कालं वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ॥
yatra kāle tvanāvṛttimāvṛttiṁ caiva yoginaḥ |prayātā yānti taṁ kālaṁ vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha ||
That time wherein going forth Yogîs return not, and also that wherein going forth they return, that time shall I declare to thee, O prince of the Bhâratas.
८.२४अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम्।तत्र प्रयाता गच्छन्ति ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदो जनाः॥
agnirjyotirahaḥ śuklaḥ ṣaṇmāsā uttarāyaṇam |tatra prayātā gacchanti brahma brahmavido janāḥ ||
Fire, light, day-time, the bright fortnight, the six months of the northern path—then, going forth, the men who know the Eternal go to the Eternal.
८.२५धूमो रात्रिस्तथा कृष्णः षण्मासा दक्षिणायनम्।तत्र चान्द्रमसं ज्योतिर्योगी प्राप्य निवर्तते॥
dhūmo rātristathā kṛṣṇaḥ ṣaṇmāsā dakṣiṇāyanam |tatra cāndramasaṁ jyotiryogī prāpya nivartate ||
Smoke, night-time, the dark fortnight also, the six months of the southern path—then the Yogî, obtaining the moonlight, returneth.
८.२६शुक्लकृष्णे गती ह्येते जगतः शाश्वते मते।एकया यात्यनावृत्तिमन्ययाऽऽवर्तते पुनः॥
śuklakṛṣṇe gatī hyete jagataḥ śāśvate mate |ekayā yātyanāvṛttimanyayā''vartate punaḥ ||
Light and darkness, these are thought to be the world's everlasting paths; by the one he goeth who returneth not, by the other he who returneth again.
८.२७नैते सृती पार्थ जानन्योगी मुह्यति कश्चन।तस्मात्सर्वेषु कालेषु योगयुक्तो भवार्जुन॥
naite sṛtī pārtha jānanyogī muhyati kaścana |tasmātsarveṣu kāleṣu yogayukto bhavārjuna ||
Knowing these paths, O Pârtha, the Yogi is nowise perplexed. Therefore in all times be firm in yoga, O Arjuna.
८.२८वेदेषु यज्ञेषु तपःसु चैव दानेषु यत्पुण्यफलं प्रदिष्टम्।अत्येति तत्सर्वमिदं विदित्वा योगी परं स्थानमुपैति चाद्यम्॥
vedeṣu yajñeṣu tapaḥsu caiva dāneṣu yatpuṇyaphalaṁ pradiṣṭam |atyeti tatsarvamidaṁ viditvā yogī paraṁ sthānamupaiti cādyam ||
The fruit of meritorious deeds, attached in the Vedas to sacrifices, to austerities, and also to almsgiving, the Yogî passeth all these by having known this, and goeth to the supreme and ancient Seat.
Sanskrit: traditional text (public domain), from the github.com/gita/gita dataset, checked by SahiVidhi verse by verse against the Devanagari of Besant's 1905 edition — encoding errors and dropped endings corrected; remaining differences are recognised variant readings. Roman transliteration generated by SahiVidhi. English: Annie Besant, The Bhagavad-Gita, 4th edition (1905) — public domain; transcription from Wikisource.
